New [Solar-powered]
satellite yields even sharper pictures of Earth
Lower orbit equals higher resolution for images Quickbird, and plenty
of eager users are lining up for the views
Source: Nick
Wadhams AP in CCTIMES 2002.4.6
DENVER
- From an orbit 280 miles above Earth, a new satellite produces
images clear enough to
distinguish an SUV from a pickup, the lines on a tennis court and
the shadows of a foursome on a golf
course.
Mapmakers, archaeologists and cities struggling with urban sprawl
are eager to obtain the
super-sharp pictures from Quickbird, which recently began snapping
the most detailed satellite
images ever available to the public.
"We're one of the very first people in line," said Jerry
Holden, a remote-sensing manager at the
conservation group Ducks Unlimited, which hopes to use Quickbird
images to monitor wetlands.
"There are things like vegetation studies where you need the
best resolution you can get."
Quickbird's cameras can pick up objects as small as two feet.
The next-best satellite available to the
public, the Ikonos satellite launched in 1999 by Denver-based Space
Imaging Inc., has a resolution of
closer to three feet.
Other nations, notably Israel and Russia, have high-powered satellites,
too, but none as sharp as
Ikonos or Quickbird. U.S. military satellites do produce sharper
images, but those are off-limits to the
public.
Quickbird was launched in October by Longmont-based DigitalGlobe
after a predecessor failed to
reach orbit a year earlier.
It began producing images in February and selling them through
resellers in March. Direct sales to the
public will begin by midyear.
Early images can distinguish the lanes of a swimming pool, school
buses around the Washington
monument, seams in the tarmac at Washington's Reagan National Airport
and a traffic jam outside
the Coliseum in Rome.
More importantly, experts say, the satellite can pick up details
of coral reefs, environmental damage
and the slow creep of urban growth.
"There are so many cities worldwide that do not have good
maps at all," said Farouk El-Baz, the
director of the Center for Remote Sensing at Boston University.
"Things develop so drastically that the
government cannot even follow the changes or even know about them."
Ted Scambos of the National Snow and Ice Data Center at the University
of Colorado in Boulder
hopes to use Quickbird to distinguish how crevasses in the Antarctic
ice shelf fluctuate over time.
"There are some sort of collapse pits that you could actually
see," Scambos said. "There are several
areas where it might be useful."
Quickbird's imaging mechanism works much like a photocopier, sweeping
its lens across the terrain
below.
The images are about 10 miles by 10 miles in size and can cost
anywhere from $30 to more than
$185 per square kilometer for high-quality pictures. Several can
be stitched together to form much
larger mosaics of terrain.
Ikonos imagery is cheaper, at about $18 for the lowest-priced
picture. And Space Imaging has an
archive of about 500,000 images that sell for $7 per square kilometer,
though images are not as
sharp.
The camera technology in Quickbird and Ikonos is almost identical.
But because DigitalGlobe was able to get a government license
to produce the clearer images, it
launched Quickbird into a lower orbit than Ikonos to pick up better
detail.
Space Imaging now has a high-resolution license as well, and it
plans to up the ante in 2005 with a
satellite whose resolution will be about 18 inches, slightly better
than Quickbird's. DigitalGlobe has
said it plans another satellite capable of taking sharper pictures
as well.
Experts say the Quickbird's capabilities have been in military
hands for as long as 15 years. It is
believed American spy satellites can now detect objects as small
as four or five inches in size.
Quickbird will struggle with the same problems Ikonos faced, including
weather.
"You can always try to make a computer faster but you just
can't compensate for the Earth being 60
percent covered in cloud," Space Imaging spokesman Gary Napier
said.
It remains to be seen how sharp an image the market will bear,
or customers will need. Images are
expensive, as is the storage of enormous imaging files on computers.
Furthermore, licenses with the government require Quickbird and
the future Ikonos satellites to hold
images for 24 hours before selling them.
"I'm being a little patient and letting the market tell us
where we want to go," said Herb Satterlee,
Quickbird's president and chief executive.
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